İZMİR

Izmir is Turkey's third largest city in the modern, sophisticated but also an important cultural, art and business center. All the colors of dark blue and turquoise sea of ​​the Aegean sea, the land is intertwined with the bays, beaches and thermal springs as a lace.Among the most famous cities of antiquity, the most important kentleriydiler Ephesus and Pergamum. Incorporating all of these cities are the riches of Ionian culture, intensive commercial, had a reputation for artistic and religious.

"Beautiful Izmir", also known as Izmir, 8500 years in the west of the Anatolian peninsula is located at the beginning of a long and narrow bay. A typical Mediterranean climate, experiencing
Izmir Izmir, Homer again, "They know our earth's most beautiful cities in the sky and formed the most beautiful climates." The words of thousands of years ago that described the geography of Izmir. Izmir in modern Turkey to the west side of the contemporary pop art, culture, tourism, trade and industry as the city continues to develop rapidly.



                                                    
                                          

Pergamon
Bergama, Izmir in the north basin is located in Bakırcay. Kinik the east, west, Standing, Aliaga in the south to the north, surrounded by the provinces of Balikesir and Manisa. 107 kms from the city center.


1,688 km2 area of ​​the county. Ayazkent, Göçbeyli, Bölcek, and Yenikent Zeytindagi be there for 5 town and 114 villages. According to the 2000 General Population Census the total population of 106,536 is. Of this population, 52,173 'third center, 54,363 thirds live in sub-districts and villages. Pergamon's economy is mainly based on agriculture. Efficient Bakırcay plain tobacco, cotton, olives and grapes are grown. Kozak plateau, pine nuts is an important source of income. Today, beekeeping, especially in mountain villages and a major source of income is becoming increasingly developing. Agro-based industry has been developing in recent years. Carpet and rug weaving developed in the district. Pergamum, the ancient era has been one of the most important residential areas. Turkey's first archaeological museum, the Pergamon Museum, one of today's most known and visited museums. When it is said of Pergamum, the Acropolis, first, Asklepion, Red Hall, Cleopatra's Beauty and the Kozak Plateau Ilıcası comes to mind. Arab Mosque in the center of town, Mufti Mosque, Grand Mosque and Lead Mosque, the Mosque of Laleli, Kulaksız Mosque, New Mosque, Cube Bath, Bath Plates, Sinan Mosque, Temple, and the Karaosman Dispenser Turkish-Islamic works of Fig.

The ancient city of Pergamon
Discovered in excavations in the Archaic period, where a settlement is understood that the ceramic pieces. Pergamum as the word "cliff" means.Pergamum, the ancient world has been one of the leading cultural centers. The city is very famous for its rich library. II, the most important and most beautiful buildings on the acropolis. Was built by Eumenes. During this period of architecture and sculpture of Pergamum went too far. III. Roman Empire with the Kingdom of Pergamon Attalos, a testament before his death donated.
Roman is also an important center of Pergamon, a bishop in the Christian period, became the center. Here is one of the seven churches mentioned in the Bible there. Byzantine Era, the city surrounded by walls and the walls of a new yapılmasında the residues of the Hellenistic and Roman stone blocks, sculptures and reliefs were used. A period of time occupied by the Arabs in AD 716'da city was conquered by the Turks in 1330.
Temple of Serapis: Hadrian (AD 117-138) was timely. Due to the red brick building called the Red Hall. A temple dedicated to the Egyptian god Serapis.

Acropolis:
Up on the acropolis, which means the city is seen in three separate settlement. The highest place of the acropolis, and guarded the king palaces, temples and the royal family, where you have water cisterns, the city elders, intellectuals, religious leaders and the commanders sat. Central city in the temples, gymnasium, there were temenoslar. Down in the city was an area of ​​settlement made by the public market exchange.

Heroon: Overemphasized Heroes in memory of a special structure.

Temple of Athena: a Doric building is the oldest temple of Pergamum.

Palaces of the King: Pergamon Hellenistic kings lived in palaces and their associated structures.

Library of Pergamum: II. Yapılmıştır.İçinde 200,000 volumes of books in the time of Eumenes of Pergamum Library, the Library of Alexandria, the second largest library of Ancient Period. This library, Marcus Antonius gave to Cleopatra as a wedding gift.

Parchment Paper: Pergamon Bergama is one of the most important inventions of paper, which means "Pergaminai karte" parchments.

Agora: At the southern end of the acropolis, just under the Pergamon Altar of Zeus, the agora were up.

Arsenal: BC 3. and 2 centuries, except in the north-south direction from the acropolis of Pergamon was founded five arsenal. Here, the agora, and today, preserved in 13 different diameters down to 900 cannon, catapult slings thrown format.

Temple of Trajan: Temple of Trajan, Hadrian, on a terrace by the emerging, built for his predecessor, Trajan.

Theater: 10,000-seat theater, II. Eumenes was made under. Theatre terrace, three-arched gate at the south part of the steepest theaters of the era is one of girilir.Antik. Some of the scenes made of wood, and only set up for the Hellenistic period, and then taken down again.

Altar of Zeus: BC altar Between 180-160 victory over the Galatians in the name of Zeus, made it confers.This structure II in the acropolis. Was built by Eumenes.

The Temple of Dionysus: Ionic style temple built. M.Ö.244 'were also performed. Caracalla period (MS211-217), largely as a renovated marble. Then there Caracalla'ya "New Dionysus as" tapınılmıştır.

Asklepion: Excavations carried out in the 4 th and the holy place. There is a century old, and the development of the Hellenistic Period saptanmıştır.Askepios Health and medicine tanrısıdır.Asklepios' s place, which means a way Asklepion 820 m long with columned ulaşılıyordu. Surrounded by three sides by Asklepion and east, as well various structures is an area of ​​110x130 m to the extent open. Asklepion washing and drinking fountain on the three-pool or the Temple of Asklepios bulunmaktadır.Girişte building on the left. Asklepios is surrounded by galleries on three sides by the middle of the area from the sacred source of treatment and 80 m long, vaulted to the building is located in a parade. This passage is reserved for medical treatments geçilirdi circular structure. Patients' recovery would be satisfied by taking advantage of the sound, and instilled the passage of water. Treatment is a two storey building, very well preserved in the lower floor. The main structure of the inside diameter of the cylinder is in the form of 26.5 meters. This converts the circular structure around the 6 large apse.

Galen: Bergama physician who lived between AD 129-199.


Allianoi: A new center dedicated to Asklepios, known as Pasha Ilıcası Asklepion uncovered.Allianoi, probably BC 2. century established, but after Christ 2. century reign of Hadrian, and lived in a large hydrotherapy applied to the movement of Public Works took the appearance of a major cult center.

Cleopatra Beauty Ilıcası: Pergamon, 4 km from the dome and two marble pools of historical significance is a source of healing water. 'Eskülap' baths called thermae waters of the love potion is said to be maintaining its reputation for centuries.

Archaeological Museum of Bergama: Archaeological Museum of Bergama, Pergamum Acropolis in 1924, first as the museum was founded as a store, the new building was opened in 1936. Museum, two porch that wraps around an interior courtyard and consists of two halls. Early Bronze Period until the Byzantine period in the museum houses works from different periods. Finds from the surrounding ancient settlements in the school of Pergamon examples of sculpture, and Gryneion'dan Pitane finds from the Archaic Period, Myrina terracottaları attention. Again, the Acropolis of Pergamum brought Hellenistic marble sculptures, architectural fragments, reliefs, terracotta statuettes, pottery, glass objects, lamps, coins are exhibited. In the ethnography section, the area of ​​the carpet, rugs (Yuntdağı, Yagci Badr, Kozak Bergama weavings), cloth weaving samples, hand embroidery, as well as other regions of Anatolia, the crafts on display.

Local Handcrafts: Pergamon-Yunt Mountain village carpets and rugs, woven in a typical Aegean maintains authenticity. Yansıra weaving geometric patterns are processed plant and animal motifs.Colors fade and deteriorate fabrics patterns made using vegetable dyes. Carpets, rugs, saddlebags, socks, Kozak and Yunt of prayer rugs woven colors, patterns, and easily separated from the others. Bergama carpets all over the world is known as Holbein carpets.

Pergamon Bazaar: Since 1938, in Bergama, the Turkish sports and entertainment, as the event continued a tradition alive Pergamon Bazaar, held every year in the last week of May. During the bazaar, exhibitions, folk dances performed, conferences, symposia organized.

Kozak Plateau: Bergama district center 20 km away from the Kozak Plateau, and preserved the traditional structure draws attention to the richness of the natural vegetation. The largest pine forests in the Aegean region 500 families in this village continues the tradition of transhumance.Pine nuts are the most important source of income, while livestock cattle. Derived from the famous Pergamon milk cheese is produced on-site evaluation. Plateau since the dawn of history, cultural values ​​and also draws attention to the settlement stage.

BACK TO TRAVEL GUİDE